Cap tubes operate on the principle of capillary action in which molecules of liquid are attracted to another surface. Here the other surface is the inside of the tube. Molecules of gas or vapor do not possess the same capillary action. At the same time, the small diameter tube causes a reduction in flow of the refrigerant.
Capillary action and flow resistance create a pressure and temperature drop in the refrigerant usually around the last quarter of the tube.
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