Compressors require oil for lubricating pistons and bearings. If too much oil is discharged with the refrigerant, damage to the compressor and other system parts can occur, hence the purpose of the oil separator.
In addition to inadequate lubrication of the compressor, excessive amounts of oil in condensers, evaporators, and piping reduce the refrigeration capabilities simply because it takes up space that would otherwise be occupied by the refrigerant.
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